CompTIA A+ 220-901

****CompTIA A+ 220-901 Motherboard Form Factors Form Factor Size Metric Size ATX 12" x 9.6" 305mm x 244mm Micro-ATX 9.6" x 9.6" 244mm x 244mm Mini-ITX 6.7" x 6.7" 170mm x 170mm Nano-ITX 4.7" x 4.7" 120mm x 120mm Pico-ITX 3.9" x 2.8" 100mm x 72mm Mobile-ITX 2.4" x 2.4" 60mm x 60mm ++++answer:PGA-ZIF ++++answer:PGA Intel Sockets Socket Type Pins Year Supported CPUs Socket T LGA 775 2004 Pentium 4, Core 2 Socket B LGA 1366 2008 Core i7 (Nehalem) Socket H / H1 LGA 1156 2009 Core i3/5/7 (Nehalem) Socket H2 LGA 1155 2011 Sandy/Ivy Bridge Socket H3 LGA 1150 2013 Haswell, Broadwell Socket R LGA 2011 2011 Sandy/Ivy Bridge/Haswell-E/EP ++++answer:LGA ++++answer:PGA AMD Sockets Socket Type Pins Year Supported CPUs AM3 PGA-ZIF 941 2009 Athlon II / Phenom II AM3+ PGA-ZIF 942 2011 Athlon II / Phenom II FM1 PGA-ZIF 905 2011 AMD 10h FM2 Micro PGA-ZIF 904 2012 Piledriver FM2+ PGA-ZIF 906 2014 Steamroller RAM Types Type Pins Notches Voltage SDR DIMM 168 2 3.3 DDR DIMM 184 1 2.5 DDR2 DIMM 240 1 1.8 DDR3 DIMM 240 1 1.5 DDR SO-DIMM 200 1 2.5 DDR2 SO-DIMM 200 1 1.8 DDR3 SO-DIMM 204 1 1.5 DDR Micro-DIMM 172 0 2.5 DDR2 Micro-DIMM 214 0 1.8 DDR3 Micro-DIMM 214 0 1.5 RAM Standard/Module Standard Module 200 1600 266 2100 333 2700 400 3200 533 4200 667 5300 800 6400 1066 8500 1333 10600 1600 12800 1866 14900 2133 17000 ++++answer:6.2ms ++++answer:4.78ms Hard Disk Latencies Rotational Speed (RPM) Average Latency 10,000 3 ms 7,200 4.16 ms 5,400 5.55 ms ++++answer:Serial ++++answer:Serial ++++answer:Serial ++++answer:Serial PCI Specification Bus Type Speed Throughput 32-bit PCI Parallel 33 MHz, 66MHz 133MB/s, 266 MB/s 64-bit PCI Parallel 33 MHz, 66MHz 266 MB/s, 533 MB/s PCI-X 1.0 Parallel 66 MHz, 133 MHz 533 MB/s, 1066 MB/s PCI-X 2.0 Parallel 266 MHz, 533 MHz 2133 MB/s, 4266 MB/s ++++answer:Parallel ++++answer:Parallel ++++answer:Parallel ++++answer:Parallel PCIe Specification Bus Type x1 Throughput x4 Throughput x8 Throughput x16 Throughput PCIe 1.x Serial 250 MB/s 1 GB/s 2 GB/s 4 GB/s PCIe 2.x Serial 500 MB/s 2 GB/s 4 GB/s 8 GB/s PCIe 3.0 Serial 984.6 MB/s 3.938 GB/s 7.877 GB/s 15.754 GB/s PCIe 4.0 Serial 1.969 GB/s 7.877 GB/s 15.754 GB/s 31.508 GB/s ++++answer:3.3V, 12V ++++answer:6 ++++answer:8 ++++answer:4, 6 ++++answer:6, 8 ++++answer:3.3V ++++answer:5V ++++answer:11 Power Connectors Connector Usage Pins Voltages Molex Case fans, IDE hard drives, optical drives 4 5V, 12V SATA Serial ATA hard drives and optical drives 15 3.3 V, 5 V, 12V PCIe PCI Express video cards 6, 8 12V ++++short Interface Speeds/Distances Interface AKA Speed Max Distance Other Info USB 1.0 Low Speed 1.5 Mb/s 3 meters 127 max ports USB 1.1 Full Speed 12 Mb/s 5 meters USB 2.0 480 Mb/s 5 meters USB 3.0 SuperSpeed 5 Gb/s 3 meters IEEE 1394a FireWire 400 400 Mb/s 4.5 meters half-duplex, 63 max chain IEEE 1394a Optical FireWire 400 400 Mb/s 72 meters half-duplex, 63 max chain IEEE 1394b FireWire 800 800 Mb/s 4.5 meters full-duplex, 63 max chain IEEE 1394b Optical FireWire 800 800 Mb/s 100 meters full-duplex, 63 max chain Thunderbolt v1 20 Gbit/s 3 meters 10 Gbit/s per channel Thunderbolt v2 20 Gbit/s 3 meters Thunderbolt v3 40 Gbit/s 3 meters Thunderbolt v1 Optical 20 Gbit/s 60 meters 10 Gbit/s per channel Thunderbolt v2 Optical 20 Gbit/s 60 meters Thunderbolt v3 Optical 40 Gbit/s 60 meters IrDA Infrared 4 Mb/s 1 meter Requires line of sight VGA Video Graphics Array 10 meters Analog only DVI Digital Visual Interface N/A Analog or Digital SATA 1.0 1.5 Gb/s 1 meter SATA 2.0 3.0 Gb/s 1 meter SATA 3.0 6.0 Gb/s 1 meter eSATA 1.0 1.5 Gb/s 2 meters eSATA 2.0 3.0 Gb/s 2 meters eSATA 3.0 6.0 Gb/s 2 meters LCD TN/IPS Characteristics Characteristic TN IPS Cost Less More Color accuracy Less More Reaction to touch More Less Viewing angle Narrow Wide Power required Less More Optical Disc Capacities Format Capacity CD SS (includes recordable versions) 650MB, 700MB, 800MB, 900MB DVD-R/RW SS, SL 4.7GB DVD+R/RW SS, SL 4.7GB DVD-R, DVD+R DS, SL 9.4GB DVD-R SS, DL 8.5GB DVD+R SS, DL 8.5GB DVD+R DS, DL 17.1GB BD-R/RE SS, SL 25GB BD-R/RE SS, DL 50GB BD-R/RE DS, DL 100GB ----SS: single-sided; DS: double-sided; SL: single-layer; DL: dual-layer RAID RAID Type Minimum Disk Count Failure Condition RAID 0 Striping 2 Any drive failure breaks the array RAID 1 Mirroring 2 All but one drive can be lost RAID 5 Striping + Parity 3 Only one drive can be lost RAID 10 Striping + Mirroring 4 Can lose all but one from each set of mirrors ++++wide ++++wrapcolumns:2 OSI Layers Layer Name Description 7 Application Responsible for providing network services-like file services, print services, and messaging services (not applications like word processing or spreadsheets, as the layer's name might lead you to believe). 6 Presentation Responsible for the presentation of data (for example, the transition of character sets-e.g., ASCII to EBCDIC). 5 Session Responsible for establishing and maintaining a communications "session". 4 Transport Responsible for providing reliable end-to-end communications, including most of the error control and flow. 3 Network Responsible for providing logical network addressing. Some error and flow control is performed at this level. 2 Data Link Responsible for logical topology and logical (MAC) addressing. Individual network card addresses also function at this level. 1 Physical Responsible for placing the network data on the wire, by changing binary data into electrical pulses on the physical medium. The physical topology is defined at this level. Subnet Masks Dot-Decimal CIDR Binary 0.0.0.0 /0 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 255.0.0.0 /8 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 255.255.0.0 /16 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 255.255.255.0 /24 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 255.255.255.255 /32 11111111.11111111.11111111.11111111 128 /1 10000000 192 /2 11000000 224 /3 11100000 240 /4 11110000 248 /5 11111000 252 /6 11111100 254 /7 11111110 ++++answer:100 meters ++++answer:200 meters ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:MIMO ++++answer:MIMO ++++answer:MU-MIMO ++++answer:MU-MIMO Wi-Fi Standards Standard Frequency Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream) Maximum allowable streams Maximum theoretical throughput (total) Approximate outdoor range CSMA MIMO 802.11a 5 GHz 54 Mbit/s 1 54 Mbit/s 120 meters CSMA/CA None 802.11b 2.4 GHz 11 Mbit/s 1 11 Mbit/s 140 meters CSMA/CA None 802.11g 2.4 GHz 54 Mbit/s 1 54 Mbit/s 140 meters CSMA/CA None 802.11n 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz 150 Mbit/s 4 600 Mbit/s 250 meters CSMA/CA MIMO 802.11ac 5 GHz 866.7 Mbit/s 8 6,934 Mbit/s 250 meters CSMA/CA MU-MIMO ++++answer:200 meters ++++answer:200 meters ++++answer:10BASE-T ++++answer:100BASE-TX ++++answer:1000BASE-T ++++answer:10GBASE-T Ethernet Cable Categories Cable Category Ethernet Standard Maximum Distance Category 3 10BASE-T 100 meters Category 5 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T 100 meters Category 5e 100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T 100 meters Category 6 10GBASE-T 37 to 55 meters Category 6a 10GBASE-T 100 meters Category 7 (shielded) 10GBASE-T 100 meters Common Network Protocols Protocol Port Name Description DHCP udp/67, udp/68 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Automate the IP address configuration process DNS tcp/53, udp/53 Domain Name System Convert domain names to IP addresses LDAP tcp/389, udp/389 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Directory service protocol SNMP udp/161 Simple Network Management Protocol Gather metrics and manage network devices SMB tcp/445 Server Message Block Windows file transfers and printer sharing SSH tcp/22 Secure Shell Encrypted remote console login AFP tcp/548 Apple Filing Protocol Mac OS file transfers SLP tcp/427, udp/427 Service Location Protocol Find Mac OS services by name ++++short Common Network Ports Protocol Port FTP tcp/20, tcp/21 SSH tcp/22 Telnet tcp/23 SMTP tcp/25 DNS tcp/53, udp/53 HTTP tcp/80 POP3 tcp/110 IMAP4 tcp/143 HTTPS tcp/443 RDP tcp/3389 NetBIOS-NS udp/137 NetBIOS-DS udp/138 NetBIOS-SS tcp/139 SLP tcp/427, udp/427 SMB tcp/445 AFP tcp/548 ++++short Common Network Port Details Protocol Port Name Description FTP tcp/20, tcp/21 File Transfer Protocol Sends and receives files between systems SSH tcp/22 Secure Shell Encrypted console access Telnet tcp/23 Telecommunication Network Insecure console access SMTP tcp/25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Transfer email between mail servers DNS tcp/53, udp/53 Domain Name System Convert domain names to IP addresses HTTP tcp/80 Hypertext Transfer Protocol Web server communication POP3 tcp/110 Post Office Protocol v3 Receive email into a email client IMAP4 tcp/143 Internet Message Access Protocol v4 A newer email client protocol HTTPS tcp/443 Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure Web server communication with encryption RDP tcp/3389 Remote Desktop Protocol Graphical display of remote devices NetBIOS-NS udp/137 NetBIOS name service Register, remove, and find Windows services by name NetBIOS-DS udp/138 NetBIOS datagram service Windows connection-less data transfer NetBIOS-SS tcp/139 NetBIOS session service Windows connection-oriented data transfer SLP tcp/427, udp/427 Service Location Protocol Find Mac OS services by name SMB tcp/445 Server Message Block Windows file transfers and printer sharing AFP tcp/548 Apple Filing Protocol Mac OS file transfers ++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3,4,5 PC Configurations PC Processor Video RAM Storage Audio Notes Graphics/CAD/CAM 1 1 1 0 0 Maximum RAM Audio/Video Editing 0 1 0 1 0 Fast storage, dual monitor Virtualization 1 0 1 0 0 Maximum CPU and RAM Gaming 1 1 0 0 1 High-end cooling Home Theater 0 1 0 0 1 HDMI, surround sound, TV tuner Thick Client 0 0 0 0 0 Recommended Windows requirements Thin Client 0 0 0 0 0 Basic applications ++++wrapcolumns:2,3 ++++wide Laser Printing Process Step Name Components Description Step 1 Processing PC, Printer Processor, Printer Memory Build the entire page in memory Step 2 Charging EP Drum, Corona Wire Prepare the drum with a negative electrostatic charge of around -600VDC Step 3 Exposing Laser, EP Drum, Mirror Write the image with the laser by reducing the charge to around -100VDC where it should print Step 4 Developing Toner, EP Drum, Developing Roller Add toner to the charged areas of the imaging drum Step 5 Transferring Transfer Corona Wire, EP Drum, Static-Eliminator Strip Move the toner from the drum to the paper by applying a positive charge (+600VDC) to the paper Step 6 Fusing Fusing Roller, Pressure Roller Heat and pressure fuse the toner to the paper Step 7 Cleaning EP Drum, Cleaning Blade Remove excess toner by scraping it away from the drum ++++wrapcolumns:0,1 ++++wide PC Tools Tool Description Antistatic Strap Protects from electrostatic discharge Demagnetized Phillips Head Screwdriver For assembling/disassembling PCs Multimeter For testing wires in a PC as well as AC outlets Power Supply Tester For testing a PC's power supply Torx Screwdriver For assembling/disassembling PCs that use the less common Torx screw Hex Screwdriver For cases and other components that do not use Phillips screws Plastic Tweezer For grabbing screws that fall into difficult-to-reach areas and for removing jumper shunts Compressed Air For cleaning dust from a PC Penlight Helps to illuminate when working inside the computer case and when making connections on the back of a PC when working in dark conditions Magnifying Glass Helps to read small writing on components and locate damage to circuits or chips ++++wrapcolumns:0,1 ++++wide Networking Tools Tool Description Loopback Plug Useful for testing physical ports by looping the transmission signal back into the reception signal Cable Tester For performing continuity tests and can often detect missing pins or crossed wires Punch-Down Tool Used to punch a wire into a wiring block like a 66 Block or a 110 Block, can often trim excess wire while punching Toner Probe Used to trace a cable between endpoints by putting an analog sound on the wire Wire Stripper Used to remove insulation around the wires in a cable Cable Crimper Used to pinch the connector onto a cable Wireless Locator Used to identify wireless networks, can be either a hardware device or a just a software app that runs on a different device Post Card Sometimes built-in to the motherboard, can also be an external tool to be plugged in to various ports, provides detailed diagnostics during POST ****CompTIA A+ 220-902 Windows System Requirements O/S Processor Memory Hard Drive / Free Space Disk Requirements Video Vista Home Basic 800 MHz 512 MB 20 GB / 15 GB DVD-ROM 32 MB Video RAM All Other Vista 1 GHz 1 GB 40 GB / 15 GB DVD-ROM 128 MB Video RAM Windows 7 (x86) 1 GHz 1 GB 16 GB DirectX 9 w/ WDDM 1.0 Windows 7 (x64) 1 GHz 2 GB 20 GB DirectX 9 w/ WDDM 1.0 Windows 8 (x86) 1 GHz + PAE, NX, SSE2 1 GB 16 GB DirectX 9 w/ WDDM Windows 8 (x64) 1 GHz + PAE, NX, SSE2 2 GB 20 GB DirectX 9 w/ WDDM ++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3,4,5 Windows Vista Features O/S Aero Media Center Domain Member EFS BitLocker Maximum x86 RAM Maximum x64 RAM Home Basic 0 0 0 0 0 4 GB 8 GB Home Premium 1 1 0 0 0 4 GB 16 GB Business 1 0 1 1 0 4 GB 128 GB Enterprise 1 0 1 1 1 4 GB 128 GB Ultimate 1 1 1 1 1 4 GB 128 GB ++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3,4,5,6 Windows 7 Features Edition DVD Playback Aero ICS Domain Member EFS BitLocker Maximum x86 RAM Maximum x64 RAM Starter 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 GB Home Premium 1 1 1 0 0 0 4 GB 16 GB Professional 1 1 1 1 1 0 4 GB 192 GB Enterprise 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 GB 192 GB Ultimate 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 GB 192 GB ++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3,4,5,6 Windows 8 Features Edition Windows Media Player EFS BitLocker Domain Member AppLocker BranchCache Maximum x86 RAM Maximum x64 RAM Core 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 GB 128 GB Pro 1 1 1 1 0 0 4 GB 512 GB Enterprise 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 GB 512 GB ++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3,4 Windows Vista Upgrade Paths Base O/S Home Basic Home Premium Business Ultimate XP Home 1 1 1 1 XP Pro 0 0 1 1 XP Media Center 0 1 0 1 ++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3,4,5,6 Windows 7 Upgrade Paths Base O/S Starter Home Basic Home Premium Professional Ultimate Enterprise XP - All Editions 0 0 0 0 0 0 Vista Home Basic 0 1 1 0 1 0 Vista Home Premium 0 0 1 0 1 0 Vista Business 0 0 0 1 1 1 Vista Ultimate 0 0 0 0 1 0 Vista Enterprise 0 0 0 0 0 1 ++++checkboxcolumns:1,2,3 Windows 8 Upgrade Paths Base O/S Core Pro Enterprise XP - All Editions 0 0 0 Vista - All Editions 0 0 0 7 Starter 1 1 0 7 Home Basic 1 1 0 7 Home Premium 1 1 0 7 Professional 0 1 1 7 Ultimate 0 1 0 7 Enterprise 0 0 1 ****CompTIA Network+ N10-006 OSI Model Layer Name Function Examples 7 Application Support for applications HTTP, FTP, SMTP (email) 6 Presentation Protocol conversion, data translation ASCII, JPEG 5 Session Establishes, manages, and terminates sessions NFS, SQL 4 Transport Ensures error-free packets TCP, UDP 3 Network Provides routing decisions IP, IPX 2 Data link Provides for the flow of data MAC addresses 1 Physical Signals and media NICs, twisted-pair cable, fiber ++++wrapcolumns:3 ++++wide Ethernet Frame Structure Sequence Part Length Description 1 Preamble 7 octets An alternating pattern of 1s and 0s used for synchronization. 2 Start frame delimiter 1 octet A binary 8-bit sequence of 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 that indicates the start of the frame. 3 Destination MAC address 6 octets Each computer has an Ethernet network interface card (NIC) or network adapter that has a unique media access control. 4 Source MAC address 6 octets MAC address associated with it. The MAC address is 6 bytes (12 hex characters) in length. 5 Length/type 2 octets An indication of the number of bytes in the data field if this value is less than 1500. If this number is greater than 1500, it indicates the type of data format—for example, IP and IPX. 6 Data 46 - 1500 octets The variable length of data being transferred from the source to the destination. 7 Pad A field used to bring the total number of bytes up to the minimum of 46 if the data field is less than 46 bytes. 8 Frame check sequence 4 octets A 4-byte CRC value used for error detection. The CRC is performed on the bits from the destination MAC address through the Pad fields. If an error is detected, the frame is discarded. 9 Interpacket gap 12+ octets After a packet has been sent, transmitters are required to transmit a minimum of 96 bits (12 octets) of idle line state before transmitting the next packet. IP Address Classes Class Description Example IP Numbers Maximum Number of Hosts Address Range Class A Governments, very large networks 44.x.x.x. 224-2=16,777,214 0.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 Class B Midsize companies, universities, and so on 128.123.x.x 216-2=65,534 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255 Class C Small networks 192.168.1.x 28-2=254 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 Class D Reserved for multicast groups 224.x.x.x not applicable 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 ++++short Ethernet Standards Ethernet Standard Media Type Bandwidth Capacity Distance Limitation 10BASE5 Coax (thicknet) 10 Mbps 500 m 10BASE2 Coax (thinnet) 10 Mbps 185 m 10BASE-T Cat 3 (or higher) UTP 10 Mbps 100 m 100BASE-TX Cat 5 (or higher) UTP 100 Mbps 100 m 100BASE-FX MMF 100 Mbps 2 km 1000BASE-T Cat 5e (or higher) UTP 1 Gbps 100 m 1000BASE-TX Cat 6 (or higher) UTP 1 Gbps 100 m 1000BASE-LX MMF/SMF 1 Gbps/1 Gbps 5 km 1000BASE-LH SMF 1 Gbps 10 km 1000BASE-ZX SMF 1 Gbps 70 km 10GBASE-SR MMF 10 Gbps 26-400 m 10GBASE-LR SMF 10 Gbps 10 km 10GBASE-ER SMF 10 Gbps 40 km 10GBASE-SW MMF 10 Gbps 300 m 10GBASE-LW SMF 10 Gbps 10 km 10GBASE-EW SMF 10 Gbps 40 km 10GBASE-T Cat 6a (or higher) 10 Gbps 100 m 100GBASE-SR10 MMF 100 Gbps 125 m 100GBASE-LR4 SMF 100 Gbps 10 km 100GBASE-ER4 SMF 100 Gbps 40 km ++++wrapcolumns:1,2 ++++wide Twisted-pair Cable Categories Category Description Bandwidth/Data Rate Category 3 (CAT3) Telephone installations Class C Up to 16Mbps Category 5 (CAT5) Computer networks Class D Up to 100MHz/100Mbps 100-m length Enhanced CAT5 (CAT5e) Computer networks 100MHz/1000Mbps applications with improved noise performance in a full duplex mode Category 6 (CAT6) Higher-speed computer Up to 250MHz networks Class E/1000Mbps, supports 10Gbps but at distances fewer than 100 meters Category 6a (CAT6a) Increased bandwidth Up to 500MHz networks Class Ea/10Gbps Category 7 (CAT7) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard, not an EIA/TIA standard Up to 600MHz speed computer networks Class F/10Gbps Category 7a (CAT7a) ISO standard, not an EIA/TIA standard Up to 1000MHz speed computer networks Class FA/10Gbps EIA/TIA568B Wire Color Maps and Pin-Outs Pin T568A Wire Color T568B Wire Color 10/100 Mbps Signal 1/10 Gbps Signal 1 White-Green White-Orange TX+ BI_DA+ 2 Green Orange TX- BI_DA- 3 White-Orange White-Green RX+ BI_DB+ 4 Blue Blue BI_DB- 5 White-Blue White-Blue BI_DC+ 6 Orange Green RX- BI_DC- 7 White-Brown White-Brown BI_DD+ 8 Brown Brown BI_DD- ++++short Channel Specifications Parameter Category 5e Category 6 Category 6A Category 7/7A Class Class D Class E Class EA Class F/FA Bandwidth 100MHz 250MHz 500MHz 600MHz/1000MHz Insertion Loss (dB) 24 21.3 20.9 20.8/20.3 NEXT Loss (dB) 30.1 30.9 39.9 62.9/65.0 PSNEXT Loss (dB) 27.1 37.1 37.1 59.9/62.0 ACR (dB) 6.1 18.6 18.6 42.1/46.1 PSACR (dB) 3.1 15.8 15.8 39.1/41.7 ACRF1 (ELFEXT) (dB) 17.4 23.3 23.3 44.4/47.4 PSACRF2 (PSELFEXT) (dB) 14.4 20.3 20.3 41.1/44.4 Return Loss (dB) 10 12 12 12.0.12.0 * PANEXT Loss (dB) n/s n/s 60 n/s / 67.0 * PSAACRF (dB) n/s n/s 37 n/s / 52.0 * TCL (dB) n/s n/s 20.3 20.3/20.3 *ELTCTL (dB) n/s n/s 0.5 0/0 Propagation Delay (ns) 548 548 548 548/548 Delay Skew (ns) 50 50 50 30/30 ++++short Common Network Ports Protocol Port FTP tcp/20, tcp/21 SSH tcp/22 Telnet tcp/23 SMTP tcp/25 DNS tcp/53, udp/53 HTTP tcp/80 POP3 tcp/110 IMAP4 tcp/143 HTTPS tcp/443 RDP tcp/3389 NetBIOS-NS udp/137 NetBIOS-DS udp/138 NetBIOS-SS tcp/139 SLP tcp/427, udp/427 SMB tcp/445 AFP tcp/548 ++++short Common Network Port Details Protocol Port Name Description FTP tcp/20, tcp/21 File Transfer Protocol Sends and receives files between systems SSH tcp/22 Secure Shell Encrypted console access Telnet tcp/23 Telecommunication Network Insecure console access SMTP tcp/25 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Transfer email between mail servers DNS tcp/53, udp/53 Domain Name System Convert domain names to IP addresses HTTP tcp/80 Hypertext Transfer Protocol Web server communication POP3 tcp/110 Post Office Protocol v3 Receive email into a email client IMAP4 tcp/143 Internet Message Access Protocol v4 A newer email client protocol HTTPS tcp/443 Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure Web server communication with encryption RDP tcp/3389 Remote Desktop Protocol Graphical display of remote devices NetBIOS-NS udp/137 NetBIOS name service Register, remove, and find Windows services by name NetBIOS-DS udp/138 NetBIOS datagram service Windows connection-less data transfer NetBIOS-SS tcp/139 NetBIOS session service Windows connection-oriented data transfer SLP tcp/427, udp/427 Service Location Protocol Find Mac OS services by name SMB tcp/445 Server Message Block Windows file transfers and printer sharing AFP tcp/548 Apple Filing Protocol Mac OS file transfers ++++answer:100 meters ++++answer:200 meters ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:MIMO ++++answer:MIMO ++++answer:MU-MIMO ++++answer:MU-MIMO Wi-Fi Standards Standard Frequency Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream) Maximum allowable streams Maximum theoretical throughput (total) Approximate outdoor range CSMA MIMO 802.11a 5 GHz 54 Mbit/s 1 54 Mbit/s 120 meters CSMA/CA None 802.11b 2.4 GHz 11 Mbit/s 1 11 Mbit/s 140 meters CSMA/CA None 802.11g 2.4 GHz 54 Mbit/s 1 54 Mbit/s 140 meters CSMA/CA None 802.11n 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz 150 Mbit/s 4 600 Mbit/s 250 meters CSMA/CA MIMO 802.11ac 5 GHz 866.7 Mbit/s 8 6,934 Mbit/s 250 meters CSMA/CA MU-MIMO ****CompTIA Security+ SY0-401 Hash Algorithms Hash Name Bits Notes MD5 Message Digest Algorithm 128 Vulnerable to collisions SHA-1 Secure Hash Algorithm 160 Vulnerable to collisions SHA-2 Secure Hash Algorithm Up to 512 Widely used RIPEMD RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest 160, 256, 320 Based on MD4 HMAC Hash-based Message Authentication Code Varies Combines a hash with a secret key Symmetric Encryption Ciphers Cipher Name Type Block Size (bits) Key Size (bits) Notes RC4 Ron's Code 4 Stream 40-2048 DES Data Encryption Standard Block 64 56 Considered insecure 3DES Triple Data Encryption Standard Block 64 168 Uses DES three times AES Advanced Encryption Standard Block 128 128, 192, 256 Used in WPA2, federal government standard Blowfish Block 64 32-448 No patent, public domain Twofish Block 128 128, 192, 256 Successor to Blowfish Fire Extinguisher Classes Class Fights Examples A Common Combustibles Wood, Cloth, Trash B Flammable Liquids Gasoline, Oil C Electrical Fires Data Centers D Heavy Metal Fires Industrial Applications K Kitchen Fires Fats, Oils ++++answer:100 meters ++++answer:200 meters ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:CSMA/CD ++++answer:MIMO ++++answer:MIMO ++++answer:MU-MIMO ++++answer:MU-MIMO Wi-Fi Standards Standard Frequency Maximum theoretical throughput (per stream) Maximum allowable streams Maximum theoretical throughput (total) Approximate outdoor range CSMA MIMO 802.11a 5 GHz 54 Mbit/s 1 54 Mbit/s 120 meters CSMA/CA None 802.11b 2.4 GHz 11 Mbit/s 1 11 Mbit/s 140 meters CSMA/CA None 802.11g 2.4 GHz 54 Mbit/s 1 54 Mbit/s 140 meters CSMA/CA None 802.11n 5 GHz and/or 2.4 GHz 150 Mbit/s 4 600 Mbit/s 250 meters CSMA/CA MIMO 802.11ac 5 GHz 866.7 Mbit/s 8 6,934 Mbit/s 250 meters CSMA/CA MU-MIMO ++++short Common Network Ports Protocol Port FTP tcp/20, tcp/21 SSH tcp/22 Telnet tcp/23 SMTP tcp/25 TACACS+ tcp/49, udp/49 DNS tcp/53, udp/53 DHCP udp/67, udp/68 TFTP udp/69 HTTP tcp/80 Kerberos tcp/88, udp/88 POP3 tcp/110 NTP UDP/123 NetBIOS-NS udp/137 NetBIOS-DS udp/138 NetBIOS-SS tcp/139 IMAP4 tcp/143 SNMP tcp/161, udp/161 SNMP Traps tcp/162, udp/162 BGP tcp/179 LDAP tcp/389, udp/389 SLP tcp/427, udp/427 HTTPS tcp/443 SMB tcp/445 ISAKMP/IKE udp/500 AFP tcp/548 LDAPS TCP/636, UDP/636 FTPS TCP/989, TCP/990 RDP tcp/3389 RAID RAID Type Minimum Disk Count Failure Condition RAID 0 Striping 2 Any drive failure breaks the array RAID 1 Mirroring 2 All but one drive can be lost RAID 5 Striping + Parity 3 Only one drive can be lost RAID 10 Striping + Mirroring 4 Can lose all but one from each set of mirrors ++++answer:Operational ++++answer:Management ++++answer:Management ++++answer:Management ++++answer:Management ++++answer:Technical ++++answer:Technical ++++answer:Technical Security Control Types Control Type Personnel Security Operational Vulnerability Assessment Management Media Protection Operational Program Management Management Training Operational Risk Assessment Management Antivirus Technical Encryption Technical Intrusion Detection Technical Configuration Management Operational Maintenance Operational Physical Protection Operational Mantrap Operational Access Control Technical Firewall Technical Penetration Test Management Audit and Accountability Technical Change Management Operational Planning Management ****CompTIA Project+ PK0-004 ++++short Responsibilities Responsibility Executor Provide or obtain financial resources Project Sponsor Approve the project charter Project Sponsor Approve the project baseline Project Sponsor Help define and approve the high-level requirements Project Sponsor Define the business case and justification for the project Project Sponsor Authorize assignment of human resources to the project Project Sponsor Assign the project manager and describe their level of authority Project Sponsor Serve as final decision maker for all project issues Project Sponsor Negotiate support from key stakeholders Project Sponsor Communicate or market the benefits of the project Project Sponsor Monitor and control delivery of major milestones Project Sponsor Run interference and remove roadblocks Project Sponsor Manage the project team Project Manager Communicate with stakeholders and project team members Project Manager Capture, document, and monitor scope Project Manager Identify, track, and monitor risk Project Manager Monitor and track project costs and compare to budget Project Manager Manage the schedule Project Manager Ensure quality assurance Project Manager Maintain and archive project artifacts Project Manager Manage stakeholder expectations Project Manager Assist the project manager in all aspects Project Coordinator Develop and maintain the project schedule Project Scheduler Communicate timelines and due dates Project Scheduler Report schedule performance Project Scheduler Communicate schedule changes to the stakeholders and project team members Project Scheduler Contribute deliverables according to the schedule Project Team Members Estimate time and duration for the tasks they are working on Project Team Members Estimate cost for deliverables or other project work purchased from outside the organization Project Team Members Deliver status updates on the progress of their tasks Project Team Members Manage dependencies related to their tasks Project Team Members Provide project management standards and processes Project Management Office Provide tools, templates, and artifacts to help manage projects consistently Project Management Office Set deliverables Project Management Office Provide a governance process for managing projects and setting priorities Project Management Office Provide key performance indicators and metrics Project Management Office Provide standards of performance including consequences of non-performance Project Management Office Coordinate resources among projects Project Management Office ++++short Phase Activities Activity Phase Creating the project charter Initiating Creating a business case and justification Initiating Defining a high-level scope definition Initiating Identifying high-level risks Initiating Developing a work schedule Planning Creating a work breakdown structure Planning Determining resources Planning Identifying and planning for detailed risks Planning Determining project requirements Planning Writing a communication plan Planning Developing a procurement plan if utilizing resources outside the organization Planning Developing a change management plan Planning Defining the project budget Planning Producing and verifying the deliverables Executing Acquiring project team members Executing Ensuring team members are utilized appropriately Executing Managing resources Executing Performing team-building activities Executing Monitoring the risks/issues log Monitoring and Controlling Measuring and reporting performance Monitoring and Controlling Performing quality assurance/governance activities Monitoring and Controlling Administering the change control process Monitoring and Controlling Monitoring the budget Monitoring and Controlling Delivering the transition/integration plan to the maintenance/operations team Closing Training for those who will support the product, service, or result of the project Closing Signing-off the project acceptance Closing Archiving project documents Closing Documenting lessons learned Closing Releasing resources Closing Finalizing the closing contract Closing ++++wide ++++wrapcolumns:1 Documents Document Description Project Charter Authorizes the project to begin Project Management Plan Consists of all the project planning documents such as charter, scope statement, schedule, and more Issues Log A list of issues, containing list numbers, descriptions, and owners Organizational Chart Describes project team member organization and reporting structures Scope Statement Documents the product description, key deliverables, success and acceptance criteria, key performance indicators, exclusions, exemptions, and constraints Communication Plan Documents the types of information needs the stakeholders have, when the information should be distributed, and how the information will be delivered Project Schedule Determines the start and finish dates for project activities and assigns resources to the activities Status Report A report to stakeholders on the status of the project deliverables, schedule, risks, issues, and more Dashboard Information An electronic reporting tool that lets users choose elements of the project to monitor project health and status Action Items A list of project actions that should be resolved in order to fulfill deliverables Meeting Agenda Describe the items to be discussed and addressed at upcoming meetings Meeting Minutes Recap what was discussed and the decisions made at a meeting Phase Documents Document Phase Project Charter Initiating Project Management Plan Planning Issues Log Executing Organizational Chart Planning Scope Statement Planning Communication Plan Planning Project Schedule Planning Status Report Executing Dashboard Information Executing Action Items Executing Meeting Agenda Executing Meeting Minutes Executing Schedule Steps Step Description 1 Determine tasks 2 Sequence tasks 3 Allocate resources 4 Determine task durations and start and end dates 5 Determine milestones 6 Construct the schedule 7 Determine the critical path 8 Set the baseline and obtain approval 9 Set quality gates 10 Establish the governance process